Affirmative action Essays -- essays research papers

Affirmative action is a term used to describe rules and regulations that were complete to protect minorities and women from being discriminated against (Simmons 1982). Affirmative action has changed the way people were effect-hardened since it was first brought into order in 1961 by president John F. Kennedy with executive order 10925(Alexander 1999). It helped established more opportunities for minorities and women in education, employment and trapping (Dietz 2001). Nevertheless, affirmative action has crusaded much controversy in our society and whether it has benefited the States (Altschiller 1991). As a result, at that place are those who believe minorities have benefited, tho the dominant group has suffered. Before the passing of executive order 10925, minorities and women were do by unfairly.Before president Kennedy brought the executive order into action, minorities suffered a great galvanic pile of contrast. In the past, minorities were abolished from specific are as. For instance they were not allowed to use the same bathrooms as whites (Alexander 1999). The minorities were spatially segregated from the rest of society meaning outsides did not film them they werent allowed to obtain certain jobs, live in close law of proximity to the dominant group or receive the same educational probability (Parrillo 2003). After Kennedy, president Lyndon Johnson established several laws that helped establish better opportunities for minorities such as his Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1965 and and then the office of Federal Compliance in 1967(Alexander 1999). In addition, he was concurrently establishing the Fair Housing Act as well as the sparing Opportunity Act. The Civil Rights Movement was one of the major contributors to the establishment of the conservation of parity laws. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made it possible that the federal level could utilise the law on those who violated it, which helped give minorities the protect ion they needed from the paramount group. After the implementation of affirmative action and the laws that followed, the proportion of blacks in white-collar jobs grew from 10% to 24% and the ratio of black median family income to white locomote from 55% to 62%(Alexander 1999). As one can clearly see, there were major improvements for minorities. They were given more opportunities to contribute to society without facing discrimination from businesses, educa... ... affirmative action. Furthermore, how much someone earns is usually based on their ethnic background and their gender. Affirmative action has caused controversy and will continue to cause it for years to come.Works citiedAlexander, A. & Jacobson K. (1999). Affirmative Action. International Journal of Urban and regional Research A Critical Reconnaissance, 23(3) 9pAltschiller d. (1991). The reference shelf Affirmative Action. tender York The H. W. Wilson CompanyDietz, T. (2001). Sociological Spectrum. The unrelenting sig nificance of minority statuses gender, ethnicity, and economic skill since affirmative action. 21(1) 20pFriedl, J. (1999). falsify. Documentation of how affirmative action benefits all students, 31(4) 6pGross B. (1977). opponent Discrimination. New York Prometheus Books.Parrillo, V. (2003). Strangers to these shores.Boston The Book CompanySimmons, R. (1982). Affirmative Action Conflict and Change in Higher Education after Bakke. Cambridge, Massachusetts.Thomas, W. Review of Black policy-making Economy. Mitigating Barriers to Black Employment through Affirmative Action Regulations a case study. 27(3) 22p